Roofing construction



Aug. 6, 1940.. .1. G. PERcY. JR

ROOFING. CONSTRUCTION Filed April 19, 1937 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 ,gmk/fm,

atented' ug. 6, i946 UNTE STATS i'iATfENT OFFiCE l Claims.

This invention relates to roof constructions.

One of the objects of this invention is to provide a roof which is oflight weight and which may be quickly and easily applied to a buildingwithout requiring expert workmen and which will also be of low costandattractive appearance.

Another object oi this invention is to provide a roof construction inwhich thin sheets of metal or other material may be used withoutnecessitating the prefabricating ci such sheets. It is also an objectoi" this invention in which the iinperviousness of metal covering sheetsis combined with a heat insulating core or supporting membeigto producea roof of epticnalresistance to heat transfer. A urther .object of theinvention is to provide a roei construction in which suitable supportingor core members may be in conjunction with the thin impervious sheetsand which roof construction is so formed that su these core members maybe made of composition boards of high heat insulating value. Anotherobject is to provide a roofing which is so constructed that it forms itsown flashing and counterflashing.

It is also an object of this .invention to provide a construction'whereby the sheets of metal or other roong material may be held inplace by the core members without the use of metal fasening devices ornails passing through or in Jo Contact with the metal covering. Stillanother object of the invention is to provide a roof construction inwhich a joint or seam is provided between adjacent sheets of coveringmaterial.

Another object is to provide a roof of this kind 35. with reinforcingmembers, ii such are required.`

It is also an object of the invention to provide a roof which may beplaced directly upon the rafters ci a building without requiring theusual sheathing or roof boards, kthereby reducing the 411)) cost andalso the weight of the roof.

Other objects of the invention will appear from the followingdescription and claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Fig. l is a fragmentary perspective view of 4a 451` roof partly brokenaway to illustrate the construction embodying this invention.

Figs. 2 and 3 are fragmentary perspective views of portions of the roofon an enlarged scale.

fl is a fragmentary perspective view of a 50, roof embodying thisinvention and showing expansion joint for the flexible sheets.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary edge View on an enlarged scale of the connectionbetween covering sheets at the ridge of the roof.

55. Fig. 6 is a fragmentary section on a larger scale, showing themanner of applying my improved roofing.

Figs. 7 and 8 are fragmentary sectional perspective views, on a stilllarger scale, showing steps of the process of applying my improved roof.5

Figs. 9 and 10 are fragmentary sectional views, showing two additionalsteps in the applying of my improved roof.

Fig. 11 is a fragmentary section of a iinished roof. 10

Fig. 12 is a perspective View of an implement which may be used inconnection with the application of the sheet material to a roof.

Briefly stated my improved roof includes a plurality of core memberswhich preferably are 15 in the form of boards, panels or stripsextending lengthwise of the roof and arranged in overlapping arrangementso that the lower edge of one core member or panel overlaps the upperedge of the next lower core member. The exposed 2O surfaces and edges ofthese core panels are covered by suitable flexible sheet material whichis impervious to moisture and substantially unal`- fected by weather.Preferably these sheets are made of any suitable metal which issufciently durable to withstand moisture and weather conditions. Forexample, thin sheet copper may be advantageously used for this purpose,since it will withstand exposure to weather for valmost indefiniteperiods ci time, and for the reason that it will acquire a film of oxideon its exposed surface which provides an attractive appearance. It willbe understood, however, that it is not intended to limit this inventionto the use of sheet copper since obviously there are other metals which3 can advantageously be used in the place of copper, and if desired,flexible non-metallic materials in sheet form may be used.

Referring to Figs. 6 to 1G, inclusive, A, A', A2, A3, and A4 representcore members or panels which 40 are arranged in overlapping relation toeach other so that the lower portions of all of the core members exceptthe lowest overlap the upper edge portions of the next lower panels `orcore members respectively. These core members or panels may be woodenboards or they may be made oi any of the well known heat insulatingbuilding materials which may, for example, be formed of Vegetable bers,pulp, or the like.

B, B', B2, B3 and B4 represent successive sheets 50 of flexible coveringmaterial which are applied respectively to the core members A, A', A2,A3 and A4. Each of the exible sheets has the lower edge portion thereofsuitably arranged under the lower face of its core member and thenextends (i lil upwardly across the lower edge of the core mem-- ber andthen along the upper face of its core member and terminates at its upperedge between the overlapping parts of its core member and the nexthigher core member.

In the practical application of my improved roofing construction, Ipreferably rst secure the lowest core member or panel A loosely in placeon the roof supporting structure, which may include rafters l5, and astrip l5 arranged at the eave portion of the roof, for example, byloosely nailing the core member' to the eave strip I6. An edge of thecover sheet B is then inserted between the lower surface of the coremember A and the strip It and while this sheet of exible material ishanging down from the strip I6, nails or other fastening devices Il maybe driven firmly in place so that the lower edge of the sheet B will beclamped between the core member A and the strip I6. 'Ihe sheet B is thenfolded across the lower edge of the panel or core member A and acrossthe upper face thereof and will terminate short of the upper edge of thecore member A. The core member A may, consequently, also be nailedadjacent to its upper edge, for example, by means of nails it arrangedbeyond the upper edge of the covering sheet B The second covering sheetB is then laid with an edge thereof in contact with the upper edge ofthe sheet B and is temporarily held in place in this relation whilelying over the lower sheet B and the next core member A is secured inplace to clamp the contacting edges of the cover sheets B and B betweenthe overlapping portions of the core members A and A.

Any suitable means for temporarily holding the sheet B' in place may beemployed, and I have found that this can be very effectivelyaccomplished by forming a fold or seam connecting the upper edge of alower sheet with the lower edge of the next higher sheet. Since thecovering sheets are made of flexible material, such for example as thinsheet metal, the upper edge of a sheet can readily be turned over afterthe sheet has been placed upon its core member, and in the constructionillustrated by way of example, the upper edge of each covering sheet isprovided with a turned over portion 2G under which the lower edge of thenext higher sheet is placed. By clinching the turned over part 2E! atintervals, for example, by blows from a hammer, the part 2G will gripthe lower edge of another sheet so as to frictionally hold such othersheet in place while the core member for the same is secured in place.The turned over part 2U or other seam connecting adjacent sheets is verydesirable, in that it forms a seal which effectively excludes air frompassing through the spaces between adjacent sheets of covering material.Any other seam or connection between sheets may be used, or if desired,the seam or connection may be omitted.

Upon placing the core member A in overlapping relation to the upper edgeof the core member A and over the adjacent edges of the sheets B and B',which may for example be effected by means of nails 2| and 22, the sheetB is folded over the lower edge of the core member A :and over the uppersurface thereof. The securing in place of the next sheet B2, which isshown in Fig. 6 as temporarily clamped in place by the core member A2,is then effected in the same manner as described for the sheet B andthese operations are repeated until the upper part or' ridge of the roofis reached, If nails `2l are used, they are preferably driven homefirmly so that the heads will be sunk into the core members and will beout of contact with the covering sheets, if the same are of metal. Itis, however, possible to eliminate the nails 2| entirely, since thenails I8 and 22 at the upper portions of the panels beyond the coveringsheets are ordinarily sufficient to secure the panels in place and toclamp the covering sheets between overlapping parts of the panels.

If the covering sheets of the roof are made of metal or other materialwhich, if bent over, will stay in bent position, the ashing of the roofat the ridge may be readily formed as shown in Fig. 5, by bending,rolling, or folding the upper edges of the upper sheets and 26 of theroof upon each other to form a seam 27. These two upstanding edges maybe pressed or clinched together, if the sheets 25 and 26 are of metal,and will form a tight seam at the ridge which eliminates the need forany special ridge member of the roof. If the covering sheets are made ofa non-metallic substance, a similar construction may be employed and theupwardly extending member 2li may be cemented into the U-shaped part 21.It will be understood, however', that it is not intended to limit thisinvention to the particular manner of forming of the flashing at theridge of the roof, since any other form of ridge construction may beemployed, if desired.

It is very desirable in roof construction to avoid having any of thenails or fastenings pass through a metal sheet of the roof, and in myimproved roof, it will be noted that the securing of the cover sheets iseffected without having any nails or the like passing through orcontacting with any covering sheets. This makes it possible to employordinary steel nails with a copper roof without danger of electrolysis,particularly -since the holding of the panels and sheets in place ismainly effected by these nails which are driven into the core panelsabove the upper edges of their covering sheets. If, however, it is founddesirable to further secure the panels in place by nails I'I and 2l,nails of the same metal as covering sheets may be employed, for example,copper nails when copper roofing sheets are used, or the heads of thenails may be countersunk into the core panels as shown in the drawings.

I preferably provide means for positively holding the cover sheetsagainst moving downwardly out of their operative positions. For example,I may provide interfitting depressions or recesses in the core panelsand cover sheets, preferably in the overlapped portions of the sheetsand panels, so that the upper ends of the sheets will be firmly securedin place with reference to their core members. By providing suchrecesses or depressions in the overlapping portions of the core members,the weight of an upper core member, or the nails or other `securingdevices will hold the upper member in clamping engagement to the lowermember and will, consequently, prevent the indentations or depressionsin the cover sheets from moving upwardly out of the recesses formed intheir corel members. Such recesses may obviously be formed in anysuitable or desired manner and if the core members are made of arelatively yielding material, such for example as any of the well knownfiber boards, a series of blows with a hammer or other rounded or blunttool upon the overlapped portions of the roofing material may besufcient to produce the necessary indentations in both the coveringsheets and the core members. Preferably,

however, I provide the portions of the core members which are to beoverlapped with longitudi-` v plain sheet metal which is quite thin sothat the same can readily be formed into the desired shape.Consequently, such metal may be supplied to the roofers in long lengthsof a definite Width, and these lengths may be supplied in the form ofrolls and sheets of the desired lengths and may, consequently, bereadily out from the long sheets. The portion of the hat metal sheetswhich extend over the grooves 3lin. the core members can, consequently,easily be pressed into the grooves to form the depressed portions 3i ofthe covering sheets.

If desired, this operation of forming the depressions in the coversheets may be facilitated b-y the use of a forming implement as shown inFig. 12, which may consist of a plate-like member 33 having a handle.portion tti. The lower face of the plate-like member 33 may be providedwith a longitudinally extending projection 35 which may be of a contourcorresponding to that of the grooves 3G in the core members.Consequently, by positioning this plate member over the grooved portionsof the core members and t" pressing downwardly on the same, the eXiblecovering sheets will be formed with depressions 3l as shown in thedrawings. The forming irnplement may be moved lengthwise of the sheetsso that the grooves 3i can be very quickly formed in the coveringsheets. This implement may also be usedin connection with the turningover of the upper edges of the covering sheets, and for this purpose,the plate-like member 33 is also provided 4with an upwardly extendingslot Sii, parallel to the `projection 35 and of such depth as to receivethe upper edge of a coveringvsheet. In the use of this implement, in`connection with readily flexible sheets such as thin copper, the

' forming implement may rst be passed lengthwise of a covering-sheetwith the projection 35 arranged over the groove Sii of a core member topartially form the depressed portion Si in the covering sheet. Theimplement may then be moved lengthwise over the covering sheet for asecond time to completely form the depressed portion 3l in the coveringsheet and during this second passage of the implement across thecovering sheet, a corner of the sheet may initially be bent upwardly andpassed into the slot 35 of this covering member. Upon moving the formingmember lengthwise of the covering sheet, the entire upper edge of thesheet will be turned over in the groove 36 into the position shown inFig.

v8. Consequently, the upper edge of a covering sheet.

the covering sheets in place for the reason that the depression 3i ofthe covering sheet is arranged between overlapping portions of the coremember so that either the nails or other fastening devices or the weightof the overlapping portions of the core members hold the depressions Siin their grooves 3G. In the case of snow, ice

or 'wind loads on the roof, such loads or forces serve to increase thepressure tending to hold the depressions :il in the grooves 3d. Thegrooves 3 I, in addition to holding the cover sheets in place, alsoserve to prevent Water from passing upwardly by capillary action betweenthe overlapping parts of adjacent sheets.

Ii the covering sheets of the roof are made of metal, it may bedesirable to provide for the expansion and contraction of the metalcoversheets due to changes in temperature to which they are exposed. Myconstruction lends itseii readily to the provision of expansion jointsfor the reason that in my improved roof, the covering sheets arefrictionally held in place and not secured by means of nails or thelike. kConsequently, if the lengths of the covering sheets and thecoefficient of expansion of the material oi' which they are made aresufficient to make ie use. of expansion joints desirable, thecoversheets may be formed in two or more parts or lengtms rather than ina continuous length or In such a case, it is only necessary to n rlapadjacent ends of the parts of the sheets the application of the roongmay then be tinuoussheet were employed. Since it is desirabie in myimproved roof to use thin sheets of covering material, the doublethickness of the metal at the overlapping portions is not suflicient tocause any diiiiculty and the roeier, coneequently, proceeds with thefolding over of the and with the bending over of their upper .es andforming of the grooves 3l therein,

such are used, in the same manner as if a single length sheet were used.In Figs. l and 4, 40 represents the edges of overlapping parts ofcovering sheets, and in Fig. il shown in broken lines, represents theoverlapped edge of the other part of the sheet. If desired, theoverlapping end of a part or length of a sheet may be provided in theportion thereof covering the lower edge of o. core member with drainholes or openings 42, Fig. 4:, through Vwhich any water which has passedbetween the overlapping portions of parts of a sheet may drain. With myimproved roof construction, no securing together of theloverlappingedges is necessary, since these overlapping portions or" the sheets willbe held securely in place by the turned overv edges 'in or other earnswhich may be employed and by the clamping or gripping of the sheets bythe overlap-ping portions' of the core members. The seams formed by theover-turned edge 2B at the overiapping portions readily permitlengthwise movement of one part of the sheet relatively to another partat the joint.

My improved roof construction is also very readily adaptable to roofsprovided with hips, such for exampleas shown at C in Figs. 1 and 2, orvalleys as indicated at D, Figs. l and 3, in which case the flashing andcounterashing can be formed by means of the roofing sheetsthemselveswithout requiring the usual additional parts. This will be readilyapparent from Figs. l to 3 inclusive. In Fig. 3 is shown the manner inwhich the roofing is applied to valleys. The sheets at the portions ofthe roof which meet iceeded with in the same manner as if a conto form avalley are left of suiiicientl length to extend beyond the valley and tobe bent at the valley and extend in overlapping relation for shortdistances at each side of a valley. Because of the angular relationshipbetween two abut` ting core panels at a valley, the covering sheet ofeach panel after being bent at the valley, will extend upwardly alongthe abutting panel at an angle. The upper edges of these bent portionsof t'he sheets are then cut so as to lie substantially coincident withthe upper edge portions of the sheets which they overlap. The end of oneof the sheets is arranged underneath the other sheet at the other sideof the valley, and its lower edge will incline upwardly as indicated at45. The end portion of the other sheet extends over the outer srface ofthe latter sheet and its lower edge is indicated at 46 in Figs. l and 3.The upper edges of the overlapping portions of the sheets are secured toeach other by the turned over seam 25. By means of this construction aflashing is formed which eliminates the use of the usual valleys andprovides at the intersection of the two roof planes a portion of doublethickness.

In the application of my improved roofing to ahip as clearly shown inFigs. l. and 2, the sheets of covering material which meet at the hipare extended beyond the same, one being underneath the other in asomewhat similar manner as described in connection with the valleys,except that at the hips, the end portions of sheets when bent around thehip extend downwardly. The

extreme overlapping ends of the sheets may, consequently, be bent underthe lower edges of the core panels, and the edge i5 of one sheet, willlie underneath the other sheet, whose top edge may be out as indicatedat i9 to form an exposed end of the sheet. Since the hips and valleysare formed of double thickness of metal, these parts o-f the roof Willbe very durable and will amply protect the building against leaks.

At the ends of the roof, the covering sheets may be bent or folded overthe ends of the core members in any suitable or desired manner. If thecovering sheets are made of thin metal, the sheets are so applied to thecore members as to extend to the desired distance beyond the outer edgesof the same and the thin metal sheets can then be readily folded overt'he outer edges of the core members, as shown at 55, and secured on theunderface of the same in any suitable manner. These folded ends 55thoroughly cover the'core members and the entrance of moisture into thespace between the core members and the roofing sheets is avoided.

One of the advantages of my improved roofing construction is that thesame lends itself particularly well to the use of heat insulatingmaterials in the core. When a building is being reroofed, the structuredescribed may be placed on the former roof, and the core members,therefore, need not have the strength usually required in roofconstruction. If, however, it' is desired to use my improved roofconstruction on new roofs and to omit the usual sheathing or roofboards, and at the same, time to employ core members of heat insulatingmaterial and of little strength, a series of reinforcing bars may beemployed extending crosswise of the rafters. I have found that thesereinforcing bars can advantageously be inserted between the overlappingportions of adjacent core members. In Figs. 6, 10 and l1, I have shownreinforcing bars 51 which may, for example, be set in opaardse@ positelydisposed grooves or recesses 55 and 55 formed in the overlappingportions of the lower and upper core members. These bars may, forexample, be square in cross section, although bars of any othercross-sectional shape may be employed, if desired. When square bars areused, V-shaped notches or recesses are formed in the core members and,if desired, these recesses may be cut or formed simultaneously with therecesses 3i) and at denite distances therefrom. The reinforcing bars maybe inserted into the recesses and secured to the rafters by means ofstaples 60 or the like, and when these staples are used, the nails I8and 22 may be omitted. It is also possible, if desired, to omit thenails 2l, since the staples and reinforcing bars will secure the panelsto the rafters in such a manner that the portions of the panels whichoverlap the next lower panels will be securely clamped over the nextlower panels. l

The reinforcing members described have the further advantage that whenan overlapping core member is positioned over the reinforcing bar, thegroove 55 therein is placed into registration with the bar 5l so thatsuccessive core members will be correctly positioned with relation toeach other. It will be noted that these reinforcing bars are also out ofcontact with the sheets of roofing material. Other types of reinforcingmembers may, of course, be provided if desired.

In order to illustrate the application of my roof to a building, I haveshown in Fig. 6, two core members on which the sheets of coveringmaterial are applied. An edge of the third covering sheet B2 has beensecured in the bentover portion 20 of the covering member B and the nextcore member A2 has been secured in place by means of a countersunk nail2l. The covering sheet B2 is then bent over the lower edge and upperface of the core member A2 and will lie across the groove 36, as shownin Fig. 7. A part of the sheet B2 is next pressed into the groove of thecore member A2 and nally the upper edge of the covering sheet B2 isfolded upwardly, for example, by means of the slots 36 of the formingimplement. The next sheet is then positioned in place and the turnedover edge 20 is bent over against the edge of the next sheet B3, forexample, by means of hammer blows at intervals lengthwise of the turnedover part 29. If the core members are made of a heat insulating materialof insuicient strength to adequately support the roof and if reinforcingmembers are required, the reinforcing bar 5l is then positioned in thegroove 58 and fastened by means of staples 60.

The next cover sheet B4 is then applied to the bent-over part of thelower sheet, as has already been described, and the roofing is thenproceeded with as already described. As shown in Figs. 6 and 10, thecore members A3 and A1 are somewhat separated in order to show clearlythe fold or seam between adjacent sheets and the overlapping coremembers. Preferably the upper core member, however, is pounded tightlyinto place at the overlapping part by means of a mallet as shown in Fig.11, and if the core member is of heat insulating material, the upperpart of the staple 60 will readily embed itself in the material of theupper core member and the pounding down of the core member will alsoform a tight joint at the seam between the two covering members. If thecore members are of wooden boards or of material of sufficient vantagesthat it is quick and inexpensive to apply to a building, since theflexible covering material may be used in the form of standard sheets ofa width to cooperate with the width of the core members and may be lthinenough so that no performing of these sheets is necessary. When thinsheet metal is used, the bending of the sheets by hand over the panelsnot only reduces the cost of laying the roofing but also greatlyincreases the beauty of the same since, for example, when bending asheet over the lower edge of a panel, the metal at the bend may be moreor less irregularly formed by hand, so that hand worked effect isproduced and the rigid straight lines at the bend are avoided. Thefolded over upper edge of -each covering sheet which forms lwith thenext sheet a seam, forms also a substantially air-tight joint betweenadjacent rooiing sheets. By means of the construction described, thethin sheets of covering material, particularly if they are made ofmetal, will form a roof covering which is substantially impervious notonly to water, but also to air, so that the seepage of air through theroof is reduced to a minimum. If the core meinbers are made of a heatinsulating material, the roof will in addition to stopping the transferof heat through the same by seepage of air, also stop the passage ofheat through the rcof by conduction, so that a roof of exceptional heatinsulating properties is produced. The overlapping arrangement of thecore members and the termination of each covering sheet below the upperedge of its core member prevents the passage of heat through the roof byconductivity through the covering sheets, since the air in the interiorof the roof will not come in contact with the covering sheets in theoverlapping portions of the core members.

While my improved construction has herein been described only as appliedto a roof, it will be obvious that it may equally well be used informing exterior or interior side walls, and consequently, the word roofis herein used to include any wall construction.

I claim as my invention:

l. A roof including a plurality of core members having flat faces andarranged with the lower edge of one core member overlapping the upperedge of a lower core member, a portion of the flat face of a lower coremember which is overlapped by another core member having alongitudinally extending recess formed therein, a sheet of metalcovering said recessed core member and having a part extending into saidrecess, a sheet of metalcovering the next higher core member andextending over the lower edge thereof and under the part overlappingsaid lower core member and bridging said recess, andmeans for securingsaid core members in operative relation to each other to clamp saidsheets between overlapping portions of said core` members and to holdsaid part of said sheet of said lower core member in said recess.

2. A roof formed of a series of core members extending lengthwise of theroof in a substantially horizontal direction,` a sheet of exiblecovering material extending from the under surface of a core member overthe lower edge thereof and upon the upper surface thereof, another coremember arranged with its lower edge in overlapping relation to saidfirst core member, a sheet covering said second core member and held incontact with the rst sheet between the overlapping portions of said coremembers, said sheets being divided lengthwise into separate partsarranged in overlapping relation to each other to permit each part ofeach sheet to expand and contract independently of the other' part, theoverlapping portion only of one part of a sheet beingprovided at thelower edge of its core member with holes for the escape of moisturewhich may enter between overlapping parts of a sheet.

3. A roof formed of a series of core members arranged in overlappingrelation with the lower edge of one core member overlapping the'upperedge of the `lower core member, a metal sheet for each core memberextending from the under surface thereof into the overlapping portionbetween adjacent core members and terminating at a distance from theupper edge of its core member, and reinforcing bars extending lengthwiseof said cores and arranged in the overlapping portions thereof out ofcontact with said metal sheets.

4. A roof formed of a series of core members arranged in overlappingrelation. with the lower edge of one core member overlapping the upperedge o-f the lower core member, a metal sheet for each core memberextending from the undei` surface thereof into the overlapping portionbetween adjacent core members and terminating at a distance from theupper edge of its core member, and reinforcing bars extending lengthwiseof said cores and arranged in the overlapping portions thereof out ofcontact with said metal sheets, the overlapping portions of said coremembers being grooved to receive said reinforcing members and forpositioning adjacent core members in correct relation to each other.

5. A roof construction including a plurality of longitudinally extending-core members arranged one above the other and having the lower edge ofone core member overlap the upper edge of a lower core member, some ofsaid core members having end portions thereof terminating adjacent tothe other core members `extending at an angle thereto, a metal sheet foreach core member extending around the lower edge portion thereof andover the exposed surface thereof and between the overlapping portions ofsaid core members, the sheets covering core members arranged in angularrelation to other core members having end portions overlapping saidother core members to form weathertight angular portions on said roof.

6. A roof construction including a plurality of longitudinally extendingcore members arranged one above the other and having the lower edge ofone core member overlap the upper edge of a lower core member, some ofsaid core members having end portions thereof terminating adjacent toother core members extending at an angle thereto, a metal sheet for eachcore member extending around the lower edge portion thereof and over theexposed surface `thereof and between the overlapping portions of saidcore members, a folded seam connecting adjacent sheets andl arrangedbetween said overlapping portions, a sheet covering one core memberextending beyond the end thereof and arranged in overlapping relation tothe sheet of an adjacent core member arranged at an angle to said firstcore member, said overlapping portion of said sheets having their upperedges bent over the lower edge of the next higher sheet.

'7. A roof including a plurality of core panels of heat insulatingmaterial having substantially flat upper faces and arranged with thelower portion of one panel overlapping the upper portion of the nextlower panel, a sheet of flexible metal covering for each panel, eachsheet extending from the under face of its panel across the lower edgeand upper face thereof and terminating between the overlapping portionsof adjacent panels, the overlapped portions of said panels havinggrooves in the flat faces thereof into which said metal sheets enter tosecure said sheets against displacement relatively to said panels.

8. A roo-f including a plurality of core panels of heat insulatingmaterial having substantially flat upper faces and arranged with thelower portion of one panel overlapping the upper portion of the nextlower panel, a sheet cf flexible metal covering for each panel, eachsheet extending from one overlap across the lower edge and upper surfaceof a panel to another overlap, the opposite edges of said sheetsterminating in the overlaps, whereby the cover sheets are substantiallyout of contact with air on the underside of the roof to reduce and heatconductivity through the roof, the overlapped portions of said panelshaving grooves in the iiat faces thereof into which said metal sheetsenter to secure said sheets against displacement relatively to saidpanels.

9. A roofing member including aV core panel arranged to be secured on aroof in overlapping relation to a similar core panel, said core panelhaving a recess formed in a flat surface thereof at a portion which isto be overlapped by a next higher panel, a metal sheet covering saidcore member and having a portion thereof bent to extend into said recessand adapted to be conned in said recess by the overlapping flat portionof the next higher core panel to hold the metal sheet in correctrelation to its core panel.

l0. A roof including rafters and a plurality of core members extendinglongitudinally of said roof and transversely of said rafters and havingflat upper and lower faces and arranged with the lower edge of one coremember overlapping the upper edge of a lower core member, the portion ofthe flat face of a lower core member which is overlapped by another coremember having a depression formed therein, a metal sheet covering eachcore member, each metal sheet being arranged with its lower edge belowthe bottom surface of its core member and extending around the loweredge and over the top surface thereof, and terminating in saidoverlapped portion in contact with the lower portion of the next highersheet, the metal sheets of said core membersl terminating below theupper edges thereof and having portions extending into said recesses inthe depressions of said core members, and fastening means extendingtothe upper portion of each core member into said rafters and arrangedabove and out of contact with said sheets and being covered by the nexthigher core member.

JOHN G. PERCY, Je.

